The Soil Erosion Prevention
The Soil is
The soil is the out layer of the earth and it helps to growth of flora,as a suitable media.Minerals,carbonic material,sand,silt,gravel and various beings are consisted in the soil.Furthermore there are soil air and soil water too.In this manner it is cleared soil is as a dynamic and natural body.
Uses of the soil.
We want foods,water,and living places to living.Our living places are on the earth and we get many things from the soil.Soil is used in agriculture,as a media to grown trees.The trees are given us many things like foods,shelter,woods,medicines and they help to clear to air and protect to water.In a food chain always the first nodule is the trees.Many trees are planted on the soil and they take water,elements,minerals and many other things what they want to live,from the soil.So,soil is very important to trees and we have to cleared that both are very important to continue our life to all of us.Genesis of the soil
In the tropical countries like Sri Lanka it is reported that it is gone 400-700 years for decaying rocks and processed to soil.Large rocks have decayed and it makes small metals,gravels,sand and some of them are decayed moreover then it is made silt and clay.In that action some elements,what were join with rocks,dissolve in water or hydrolysis and it makes soluble ions.Then that ions are joining with organic materials and making a soil.That processing soil is fertilized by soil beings.With maturing of soil,structural units are built up.
Main three parts of the soil genesis.
Decaying of the mother rock.
joining with organic materials and decaying of them.
Making structural parts in the soil
Decaying of the rocks
Rocks are act as the mothergoods.There are main three varieties of the rocks.They are,
Igneous rocks
Sedimented rocks.
Metamorphic rocks.
It is a natural process.There are many reasons for that.They are included in three main topics.They are,
Physical.
Chemical
Biological
The soil profile
Soil map of Sri Lanka
The soil erosion is
Removing of the soil layer to other place from situated place by regularly is called as the soil erosion.There is a too flat soil layer there surface on the rock layer.It has gone long time to making the soil but short time for reducing.Because of that layer erosion,soil is unfertiled and soil is also not suitable for growing plants.
There are 3 main steps in soil erosion.They are
01.Separation of the soil particles
02. Transporting
03.accumulate
Bad effectives in Sri Lanka
The surface soil layer is washed away in about 20-30 cm for last century.In that case,most destroyed area is middle country.
Polgolla tank,part of a Mahaweli project,has being filled about 44% in its capacity by silt for 12 years.It is a result of rapid soil erosion.
Surface soil layer is washed away deep up to 30 cm in tea estates of central high land for last century.
Types of the soil erosion
Water erosion
Wind erosion
Coastal erosion
Wind erosion It is mostly happened in deserts and the beaches.Speedy wind helps to increase the soil erosion.Soil layer is moved and displaced speedy by that reason and also sand particles are moved and displaced.
Coastal erosion
Water erosion.
It is mainly happened by rain water and human activities help to increase it.River banks and bottoms are washed away and it conduces to expanding river and floods.Factors of soil erosion.
It is depends on many factors.Some of them are natural reasons.Other many are happened by human activities and that helps to increase the effectives of natural reasons.
Rain water.
Speedy wind.
Sea waves.
Human activities.
Animals' activities.
Deforestation.
Speedy wind.
It is a natural process. It is mainly happened in deserts abut also in mountain areas and beaches.We can't control it but we can limit it.Deforestation helps to speedy wind for erosion.Therefor we can plant trees along the sea and on the mountains.It works as a wind barrier.
Sea waves.
Speedy sea waves strike against the beach and it take the soil.Therefor land has gone.
Deforestation.
It helps to increase erosion.Trees are worked as a wind barrier and there roots are worked as a soil keeper.If they cut down,there is no barrier to stop or reduce speedy wind and can't keep the soil.It is conduced to erosion.
Animal activities.
Animals move one place to other place to many reasons.Many animals are living as the gangs.They run fast to safe from enemies and find food,water and manythings with chafe dusts.Their hoofs hit the land speedy and it helps to separating soil parts and displaced them.
In our country there are 2 main reasons.
Human activities.
Rain water.
both of them are conduced to erosion.Therefor it's very important to know about them moreover.
Human activities.
It is a mainly reason for erosion in Sri Lanka as well as all over the world.In the present time soil erosion is happened in agricultural lands because of the unsystematic and informal cultivations.People cut down many trees,but they don't think to plant any tree.People do mining for find gems,graphite and then leave that lands carelessly.Therefor it is cleared that humans' careless activities are conduced to erosion.
Rain water.
It is also mainly reason in Sri Lanka.Rain is a natural process.We can't stop it.But we have a responsibility to protect the soil from rain water.Because of that human activities are helping to rain water for erosion.Therefor it is very important to know about how it happend from the rain water.
Splash erosion
The rain is fallen as the drops.When that drizzles are fallen to the land,soil particles are separated and moved away from the soil body.
Sheet erosion
In the slant areas,when the water plow down on the surface,soil particles are washed away as a thin layer with that water and that soil particles are remained on the soil surface holes.Therefor water infiltration is decreased and it helps to surface run-off moreover.
Rill erosion
Gully erosion.
It is happened as a result of the rill erosion.Expending rill is called as a gully.If rain has stop water plowing is not stop.It is plowing towards the gully.
Factors for the intensity of soil erosion
Rainfall amount and intensity.
Soil factors -Texture and Structure.
Cultivated plants.
The condition of the land.
Soil conservation
That soil conservation also helps to water conservation.That activities are included in 3 main methods.They are,
1 .Agricultural methods.
2.Mechanical methods.
3. Biological methods.
In the soil conversation it is better to decrease the speedy rain drops falling on to the land and it helps to reduce separating soil parts.Furthermore it should be better to prevent transporting of the soil parts and store them in the cropping to prevent erosion.Rain water is leaked to the earth.It should be better to increase it and reduce the speed of surface run-off.
Agricultural.
In the cultivation how planting,ploughing, with take steps to reduce soil erosion and it is called as the agricultural methods.Using suitable ploughing methods and it help to reduce ploughing deep and reduce separating soil parts.
Cover crop and planting trees to cover the soil.As the cover crops we can use Piyureriya.
Using covers between the crops.
Mechanical.
It is better to do cropping activities according to contour lines and plough.
Making contour drain and build up ridges on the contour lines.
Build stone runoff barriers.
Terrace cultivation.
Choose the plants according to Physical Land usage classification.therefor we can plants suitable plants in slant areas.
Adding organic matters.
Decrease the erosion in the main drains which makes to remove additional water from the cropping lands.It is better to covered the drains' botum by stones.
Growing grass in ditch banks.
Main drains make as the stairs.
protect the coral reefs in coastal areas and revet the beaches.
Biological.
Growing plants in canal banks.
Protect catchment areas.
Growing plants.cuscus[Andropogon squarrous]
Using Sloppy Agricultural Land Technique.[SALT]
Reforestation.
When we use techniques to prevent soil erosion we have to think and care about slant of the land,desired plants to cultivate,rainfall amount,location of the natural water routs and also about the soil texture.
To prevent erosion we have to,
reduce manythings
prevent manythings.
do manythings.
To continuing our world and also our life,all of us have a great responsibility to protect our soil.
